Holocene hummock islands are a characteristic geological feature of the Southeastern US Atlantic coastline. These islands commonly contain upland maritime forest habitat, in which permanent and ephemeral wetlands support a variety of terrestrial and aquatic diversity, including crayfish of the genus Procambarus. In Georgia, historical surveys have documented seven native species across the state's fourteen major barrier islands. Recent studies have discovered additional, previously undocumented crayfish populations across a number of these islands, signifying the need for additional contemporary research. These spatially and genetically isolated populations face a host of anthropogenic stressors, including enhanced habitat connectivity, land use change, and an increased risk of habitat loss via salinization. Here, we examine the persistence of these populations with a focus on the environmental and ecological drivers shaping crayfish community composition across Georgia's barrier islands. Despite limited prior information, we identify key stressors influencing coastal crayfish populations, including saltwater intrusion, climatic deviation, indirect competition from invasive species, and urbanization. Together, these findings highlight how geographically isolated coastal crayfish persist under a suite of interacting environmental and anthropogenic pressures, revealing the complex ecological context shaping their distribution across Georgia’s barrier islands. Our goal in this research is to provide insight and direction to guide the future of crayfish research in the Southeastern US and beyond; because the stressors impacting native crayfish in this region are not unique, elucidating their relative importance can help inform the management of crayfishes in an ever‑changing landscape.