Oral Presentation Society for Freshwater Science 2026 Annual Meeting

Transport of 6ppd-quinone in water and sediment from small streams in the Puget Sound lowlands during fall storms (135987)

Rich Sheibley 1 , Andrew Spanjer 1 , Rachael Lane 2 , Katie Marx 1 , Julia David 1
  1. Washington Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Tacoma, WA, United States
  2. Central Plains Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Lawrence, KS, United States

Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) have been experiencing pre-spawn mortality events in small urban streams in the Seattle area for years. Recent research has shown that a tire additive, 6PPD-quinone (6PPDQ), that is highly toxic to aquatic life, is responsible for these mortality events. Since the identification of 6PPDQ, there has been increased research into which other aquatic species are affected by this chemical, as well as water quality sampling to measure concentrations and assess the extent of this chemical in local streams and rivers. However, little is known about concentrations of 6PPDQ in stream sediments or how it is transported in the environment during fall storm events.  For this study, we sampled 33 small streams for sediment-bound 6PPDQ during the summer of 2024 to establish baseline conditions in small streams in Puget Sound. Sites spanned a range of total impervious area (TIA%) in their basins, which included forested to highly urban stream sites. At 15 of these streams, a passive water sampler was installed for approximately 2-3 months during the fall of 2024 to understand the movement of 6PPDQ in the water column during early-season storms. During retrieval of the passive samplers, a repeat sediment sample was collected to determine the extent of 6PPDQ transport in the sediment during this time. Preliminary data showed that baseline sediment-bound 6PPDQ was variable and ranged from non-detects to 2.0 ug/kg of sediment and concentrations were greater in the more urban sites. Similar results were shown in both water and sediment collected after several early season storms. The more urban sites had higher concentrations in both water and sediment. At the sites where there were paired summer and fall sediment samples, changes in concentrations were variable.  Results from this study document some of the first sediment-bound 6PPDQ data from small streams and showed that even during summer baseflow, this toxic chemical is present in these systems. More work is needed to determine if and how sediment-bound 6PPDQ is released into the water column.