Abstract:
This study examines how flood potential influences water quality and pollutant levels in various water bodies across Central Massachusetts. By categorizing areas into FEMA-defined flood zones, Red (high risk), Orange (moderate risk), and Green (low risk), we analyze one small stream, a large river, and a pond within each zone. Key water quality parameters, such as fecal bacteria (fecal coliform, E. coli), sediment, and excess nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), are assessed to understand the variability in pollutant levels across different flood zones. Additionally, the influence of geographic features, including urban versus rural land use, riparian buffer health and size, and surrounding infrastructure is explored to determine their roles in affecting water quality. Particular attention is given to riparian buffer size and health to evaluate their effectiveness in filtering pollutants, utilizing a nutrient pollution reduction model. This approach helps quantify the potential of riparian buffers to mitigate nutrient runoff under different flood risk scenarios. The findings highlight the complex interactions between flood risk, geographic characteristics, and infrastructure, emphasizing their combined impact on water quality. Ultimately, this research provides valuable insights into sustainable watershed management practices in flood-prone regions, aimed at reducing pollution and improving water resilience amid increasing flood hazards.