Climate change is altering the structure and function of stream ecosystems by increasing temperature and intensifying the frequency and duration of droughts. While the individual effects of warming or drought have received substantial attention, little is known about how chronic warming will influence stream ecosystem responses to acute disturbances such as drought. We conducted an artificial stream flume experiment at the University of Birmingham (U.K.) EcoLaboratory and quantified the effects of chronic warming on structural (invertebrate communities) and functional (leaf decomposition) responses to drought. Replicate mesocosms (n = 16) were assigned to either ambient or warmed (+5 °C) treatments, and invertebrate fauna were acclimated to these treatments for eight months prior to a simulated three-week drought event. We also deployed coarse and fine leaf packs monthly before and after the drought. We hypothesized that chronic warming would favor drought-resistant and resilient taxa, resulting in compensatory structural dynamics that buffer effects of drought on ecosystem functions, including leaf decomposition. Preliminary results show that mean total invertebrate abundance (individuals/m2) was roughly two times higher in the warmed flumes than in ambient flumes prior to the drought, despite similar mean taxon richness in both treatments. Higher abundance in the warmed flumes was driven by high apparent fecundity and survival of gastropods (e.g. Potamopyrgus antipodarum, Planorbidae Gyraulus, Radix, Physa). Warming increased the rate of leaf litter decomposition by ~30%, likely driven by increased microbial activity and resilience of shredder taxa under warmer temperatures, whereas drought substantially reduced decomposition in ambient flumes. Our results aid in understanding how chronic warming may influence how stream communities and ecosystems respond to additional acute stressors.