Wildfire and mining are two disturbances that often occur together, but their combined effects on stream ecosystems are not well understood. In historically mined watersheds, wildfire can mobilize sediment and toxic metals through erosion, which may impact aquatic communities. The Napias Creek Watershed in the Leesburg Mining District of Lemhi County, Idaho, has a long history of gold mining dating back to the late 1860s, with ongoing small-scale placer and lode operations. From July to October 2022, the Moose Fire burned approximately 141,766 acres (57,370 ha) across multiple watersheds in the region. We conducted a field survey to assess the combined effects of wildfire and mining on periphyton, benthic macroinvertebrates, and emergent insects in natural streams. Twelve stream sites were selected across unburned/unmined, unburned/mined, burned/unmined, and burned/mined conditions with similar geological characteristics. Chlorophyll-a biomass was measured using a Benthotorch, benthic macroinvertebrates were collected with a Surber sampler, and emergent insects were captured using emergence traps. Overall, we found no significant differences in periphyton chlorophyll-a biomass between stream types, though there was weak evidence for lower biomass in mined sites. Total macroinvertebrate abundance was reduced at both burned and mined sites relative to controls, with substantial variation among taxa. There was some evidence of an earlier pulse of emergence at fire-only sites, with no consistent patterns observed among the other sites. These results indicate that mining and wildfire influence benthic macroinvertebrate communities, potentially driving changes in both short-term community structure and longer-term food web dynamics. The limited effects on periphyton and insect emergence, however, may reflect additional factors such as fire severity, elevation, and soil metal concentrations, highlighting the complex interactions of wildfire and mining in natural streams.